To evaluate pleasure, the latest Subjective Pleasure Measure (SHS) was utilized

Tips

One-dimensional questionnaire consisted of four activities rated to the an excellent eight-area Likert scale (range: 1–7; size precision: Cronbach’s leader = .82).

The Pleasure with Life Measure (SWLS) was used to measure internationally lifetime satisfaction . The five items of this 1-dimensional questionnaire was in fact ranked into the a beneficial eight-part Likert measure (step 1 = firmly differ; 7 = firmly concur; level reliability: Cronbach’s alpha = .92) .

To measure resilience, usually the one-dimensional German Strength Size 11 (RS-11) was used [56,57]. Professionals rated 11 issues into an effective 7-section Likert scale (1 = disagree; 7 = agree; level accuracy: Cronbach’s alpha = .91).

Personal experienced or envisioned help throughout the social media was counted to the one-dimensional Italian language Questionnaire Social Support (F-SozU K-14) including fourteen issues ranked for the an effective 5-area Likert scale (step 1 = incorrect; 5 = true; level precision: Cronbach’s alpha = .94).

Narcissism is counted into the thirteen push-choices structure items of the Narcissistic Character List 13 (NPI-13; size accuracy: Cronbach’s alpha = .82) .

The fresh new personality traits of the “Huge Five” were examined for the Large Five Inventory 10 (BFI-10) . The fresh 10 affairs were ranked to your a great 5-point Likert measure (1 = differ strongly; 5 = concur highly). Respectively, a couple affairs belonged to just one of five bills extraversion (measure reliability: Cronbach’s leader = .89), agreeableness (Cronbach’s leader = .74), conscientiousness (Cronbach’s alpha = .82), neuroticism (Cronbach’s alpha = .86), and you can visibility (Cronbach’s leader = .79).

Determine the participants’ mind-esteem, the new Italian language type of the latest Unmarried-Goods Thinking-Esteem Level (SISE) was applied . People were expected to rate on the an excellent 5-area Likert scale simply how much the brand new report “You will find highest notice-esteem.” used on themselves (step 1 = far from the truth regarding myself; 5 = very true away from myself).

New Depression Nervousness Fret Balances 21 (DASS-21) had been used on size depression, anxiety and stress symptoms [62,63]. The entire survey consisted of around three legitimate 7-goods bills, that have been rated towards cuatro-area Likert balances (0 = don’t affect me personally after all; 3 = placed on myself truly otherwise usually; scale accuracy: depression: Cronbach’s alpha = .83, anxiety: Cronbach’s alpha = .78, stress: Cronbach’s alpha = .87) [64,65].

Also, people was in fact asked about their social networking play with. First, Web sites explore is actually counted (“How many times are you willing to go surfing general?”). Next action, the brand new SNSs have fun with are reviewed (“How often would you use social networking sites?”). The solution for both issues gotten towards an excellent eight-section Likert measure (0 = never; 1 = less than once per month; 2 = from time to time thirty day period; step 3 = regular; 4 = from time to time a week; 5 = once a day; six = more than once 24 hours). Following, professionals was indeed requested if they registered as a member of one’s SNSs Twitter, Myspace, Instagram, Tumblr, Google+ and other program (0 = no; 1 = yes).

Statistical analyses

The brand new Statistical Plan with the Public Sciences (SPSS) variation 21 was applied for all statistical analyses [66,67]. First, the fresh means of the fresh new examined character traits and you can psychological state variables was indeed opposed ranging from Facebook users and you will Facebook non-users from the calculating multivariate investigation out-of variance (MANOVA). Following the Steven’s testimonial to not ever explore over 10 built parameters in one MANOVA, i held several MANOVAs. The initial research incorporated mind-respect, narcissism therefore the “Huge Five” attributes. Since Box’s sample is low-significant, we utilized Pillai’s shadow since the a beneficial multivariate decide to try. The following research provided the fresh new psychological state variables lifetime fulfillment, strength, personal service, pleasure, anxiety, anxiety, and stress. Right here, Box’s sample is actually high, for this reason, the latest Hotelling’s shade statistics were used. However, all multivariate evaluating displayed comparable performance.